In this essay, the author offers an historical-critical reconstruction of the main pedagogical paradigms developed by western thinkers. From Homer’s ethics to Plato’s and Aristotle’s theories, from the tradition of Christian thought to the fathers of modern thought to reach, through Nietzsche, a comparison with contemporary thought. In presenting this centuries old history, the author chose an anthropological perspective. The attention focuses, on one side, on the vectors that reach the present era; on the other side, on the human “type” towards which the different pedagogical paradigms were oriented. In this way, the intention is to make the reader understand the phenomena studied in its long-term analysis and to make comparisons that are useful to shed light on the present educational challenge.
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